Wednesday, October 31, 2007

環團促禁學校用即棄餐盒


【明報專訊】絕大部分小學已實施全日制,數十萬名小學生多數留校午膳。環保組織綠領行動與香港餐膳供應商聯會促請教育局,於下學年透過推出相應法例和指引,規定學校全面棄用即棄餐盒及餐具。
去年生產3000萬即棄飯盒
綠領行動去年訪問本港200多間小學,發現有四成學校使用即棄飯盒,推算每年產生3000萬個即棄飯盒,嚴重破壞環境。該會項目主任陳智豐說,8月與教育局官員會面,建議在小學全面落實環保午膳,制訂相應法例和指引,但他批評局方態度毫不積極。
教育局發言人回應指出,已要求學校積極勸喻午膳供應商使用可再用的餐具,並繼續就有關安排與學校及有關界別保持溝通。

Tuesday, October 30, 2007

Weather blamed as delta air quality worsens (STANDARD) 10月 26日 星期五 05:30AM
Pollution fell below national air quality standards at all monitoring stations across Guangdong and Hong Kong in the first half of the year, caused by "unfavorable" weather conditions.
High levels of pollutants were recorded at 13 stations in Guangdong and the stations in Tsuen Wan, Tung Chung and Tap Mun, according to data from a study conducted by the Environmental Protection Department and Guangdong's Environmental Protection Monitoring Center.
Foshan, home to plastics and electronic manufacturers, was found to be the most polluted area in the Pearl River Delta.
At Huijingcheng station in Foshan, pollution exceeded standards in more than a third of the readings, while air quality was only "well within" standards less than 1 percent of the time.
The environment watchdog in Hong Kong said the pollution is "mainly triggered by meteorological conditions unfavorable to pollutant dispersion," but it is also caused by emissions, particularly from factories and power plants.
Professor Wong Tze- wai of Chinese University said "the level of air pollution is dependent on weather conditions. If they are not favorable, you get a substantial build-up of pollutants - particularly with still weather and low pressures.
"But we cannot depend on the weather to tackle pollution: cutting emissions is the way forward."
Civic Exchange's environmental program manager Michele Weldon said the data must now be used to draw up an action plan.
The delta's northwest saw the most serious levels of sulfur dioxide, a pollutant emitted by power plants, vehicles and vessels.
Wong said: "There have been quite a few new recent developments of industrial ... and large-scale development in the northwest which may have adversely impacted the air quality. In the northeast in Huizhou, the Shell plant pumps out volatile chemicals - all these will have an adverse effect on Hong Kong."
Hong Kong fared better than Guangdong in the research. But on more than 80 percent of the days monitored in Tsuen Wan, pollutants exceeded or nearly exceeded the national air quality standard while Tap Mun and Tung Chung scored 60 percent.
An EPD spokesman said: "The air-control measures being implemented by both governments will have a positive impact on our air quality in the long run. After collecting sufficient data from the regional air quality monitoring network, we should be able to evaluate the effectiveness of these control measures."

Sunday, October 28, 2007

環保措施走得更前 港可借鑑

明報) 10月 27日 星期六 05:10AM
【明報專訊】綠色和平 項目經理陳宇輝接受本報訪問時表示,薩爾科齊 今次的環保藍圖既有前瞻性又進取,想透過環保提高生活質素,比香港特首施政報告的「用基建推動發展」走得更前。
陳宇輝表示,「法國 綠色大革命」措施有多處回應氣候變化問題,由禁止使用鎢絲燈泡等比較實在的措施,到2020年前逾兩成能源供應須為再生能源等大政策,都值得港府借鑑。此外,法國的環保藍圖要求暫停種植基因改造農作物,可見當局重視食物安全問題,相比下香港現時並無基因食品標籤制度,法國對食物安全的考慮,值得香港參考。
「香港僅缺什麼補什麼」
陳宇輝表示,倫敦 紐約 東京 等國際大都會的市政府都有環保措施,反觀香港只是缺什麼補什麼,政策上仍有很大改善空間。
明報記者 張思睿

Saturday, October 27, 2007

綠色大革命」措施與香港比較 (明報) 10月 27日 星期六 05:10AM
【明報專訊】汽車
法國 ︰向購買慳油汽車人士提供折扣優惠,向耗油量大汽車額外徵稅
香港︰資助商用柴油車轉用環保裝置,為環保私家車提供稅務寬減
交通
法國︰興建2000公里長鐵路及1500公里長電車路軌,限制興建新公路及機場,研發新型巴士及增加單車道︰
香港︰提出以鐵路為客運骨幹的方針,將興建多條新鐵路
建築物
法國︰2020年前所有建築物實行能源「自給自足」;每年翻新40萬座公共建築物,改善節能效果
香港︰開展建築物節能討論
污染
法國︰向污染者加強立法,允許控告污染企業的母公司
香港︰商訂污者自付立法
稅收
法國︰調低環保產品增值稅;計劃向未有遵守《京都議定書》的國家徵收較高稅款;向過境貨車徵收環保稅︰
香港︰準備開徵膠袋稅
再生能源
法國︰2020年前超過兩成能源供應將屬再生能源;在工業區興建風力發電站
香港︰2012年或之前,1%至2%總電力由再生能源提供
法國其他環保新措施包括
●2010年起禁用鎢絲燈泡
●暫停種植基因改造農作物,要求學校等每周提供至少1次有機食物
●未來4年撥款逾百億港元研究新能源

Friday, October 26, 2007

Weather blamed as delta air quality worsensPollution fell below national air quality standards at all monitoring stations across Guangdong and Hong Kong in the first half of the year, caused by "unfavorable" weather conditions.

//-->Nishika Patel Friday, October 26, 2007
Pollution fell below national air quality standards at all monitoring stations across Guangdong and Hong Kong in the first half of the year, caused by "unfavorable" weather conditions.

High levels of pollutants were recorded at 13 stations in Guangdong and the stations in Tsuen Wan, Tung Chung and Tap Mun, according to data from a study conducted by the Environmental Protection Department and Guangdong's Environmental Protection Monitoring Center.

Foshan, home to plastics and electronic manufacturers, was found to be the most polluted area in the Pearl River Delta.

At Huijingcheng station in Foshan, pollution exceeded standards in more than a third of the readings, while air quality was only "well within" standards less than 1 percent of the time.
The environment watchdog in Hong Kong said the pollution is "mainly triggered by meteorological conditions unfavorable to pollutant dispersion," but it is also caused by emissions, particularly from factories and power plants.

Professor Wong Tze- wai of Chinese University said "the level of air pollution is dependent on weather conditions. If they are not favorable, you get a substantial build-up of pollutants - particularly with still weather and low pressures.

"But we cannot depend on the weather to tackle pollution: cutting emissions is the way forward."

Civic Exchange's environmental program manager Michele Weldon said the data must now be used to draw up an action plan.

The delta's northwest saw the most serious levels of sulfur dioxide, a pollutant emitted by power plants, vehicles and vessels.

Wong said: "There have been quite a few new recent developments of industrial ... and large-scale development in the northwest which may have adversely impacted the air quality. In the northeast in Huizhou, the Shell plant pumps out volatile chemicals - all these will have an adverse effect on Hong Kong."

Hong Kong fared better than Guangdong in the research. But on more than 80 percent of the days monitored in Tsuen Wan, pollutants exceeded or nearly exceeded the national air quality standard while Tap Mun and Tung Chung scored 60 percent.
An EPD spokesman said: "The air-control measures being implemented by both governments will have a positive impact on our air quality in the long run. After collecting sufficient data from the regional air quality monitoring network, we should be able to evaluate the effectiveness of these control measures."

Thursday, October 25, 2007

Lighter winds, aerial assault give hope that fires' worst is past
By ELLIOT SPAGAT Associated Press Writer
Article Launched: 10/25/2007 04:28:21 AM PDT
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SAN DIEGO—A massive aerial assault and a break in harsh winds helped firefighters make their first major progress against Southern California's firestorm, raising evacuees' hopes of returning home for good. But flames were still drawing perilously toward thousands of houses.
The hot, dry Santa Ana winds that have whipped the blazes into a destructive, indiscriminate fury since the weekend were expected to all but disappear Thursday.
"That will certainly aid in firefighting efforts," National Weather Service meteorologist Jamie Meier said.
The record high temperatures of recent days began succumbing to cooling sea breezes, and two fires that burned 21 homes in northern Los Angeles County were fully contained.
President Bush, who has declared a major disaster in a seven-county region, was scheduled to arrive in California Thursday and to take an aerial tour of the burn areas, accompanied by Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger.
"It's a sad situation out there in Southern California," Bush said Thursday morning from outside the White House before leaving for California. "I fully understand that the people have got a lot of anguish in their hearts. They just need to know a lot of folks care about them."
Losses total at least $1 billion in San Diego County alone, and include a third of the state's avocado crop. The losses are half as high as those in Southern California's 2003 fires, but are certain to rise.
The more hopeful news on the fire lines came a day after residents in some hard-hit San Diego County neighborhoods were allowed back to their streets, many lined with the wreckage of melted cars.
In upscale Rancho Bernardo, house after house had been reduced to a smoldering heap. Cheryl Monticello, 38 and eight months pregnant, knew what she would find when she came back Wednesday because a city official warned her the house was lost. But she had to see it for herself.
"You really need to see it to know for sure," Monticello said.
Only the white brick chimney and her daughter's backyard slide had survived the inferno that bore down on her neighborhood Monday morning.
Running Springs resident Ricky Garcia returned to his house in the San Bernardino Mountains on Wednesday, panicked that his street had been wiped out and his cats, Jeff and Viper, were lost.
But his house, a new home built on a cleared lot, was unscathed, unlike those of his neighbors. Hiding underneath a porch and mewing loudly was Jeff, his long, black hair gray with ash. Viper, however, was nowhere in sight.
"I'm excited to see my cat and my house, but absolutely devastated for my neighbors," he said, after loading Jeff into a carrier and preparing to evacuate again. "I've been through fires before, but this one hit a lot closer to home."
As nature's blitzkrieg starts to recede, many of the other refugees will be allowed back to their neighborhoods. More than 500,000 people were evacuated in San Diego County alone, part of the largest mass evacuation in California history.
Even with the slackening winds, the county remains a tinderbox. Firefighters cut fire lines around the major blazes in San Diego County, but none of the four fires was more than 40 percent contained. More than 8,500 homes were still threatened.
Towns scattered throughout the county remained on the edge of disaster, including the apple-picking region around Julian, where dozens of homes burned in 2003.
To the northeast, in the San Bernardino County mountain resort of Lake Arrowhead, fire officials said 6,000 homes remained in the path of two wildfires that had destroyed more than 300 homes.
Both fires remained out of control, but were being bombarded by aerial tankers and helicopters that dumped more than 30 loads of water.
So far, at least 15 fires have destroyed about 1,500 homes since they began late Saturday.
The burn area of nearly 460,000 acres—about 719 square miles—stretches in a broad arc from Ventura County north of Los Angeles east to the San Bernardino National Forest and south to the U.S.-Mexico border.
In the middle of that arc, the Santiago Fire in Orange County had burned nearly 20,000 acres and destroyed nine homes. Only 50 percent contained, it is a suspected arson fire.
"Whoever has started this has started it at different points that indicated that they wanted it to grow rapidly," Kris Concepion, an Orange County fire battalion chief, told CNN Thursday morning.
Agents from the FBI and the federal Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives were sent to help investigate. Authorities said a smaller, more recent fire in Riverside County also is linked to arson.
Despite the widespread destruction, the fires have directly claimed just one life, 52-year-old Thomas Varshock of Tecate. The San Diego medical examiner's office listed five other deaths as connected to the blazes because all who died were evacuees.
The number of victims could rise as authorities return to neighborhoods where homes burned. In 2003, 22 people lost their lives in a series of fires that lasted nearly two weeks.
Terry Dooley, who was ordered out of his San Bernardino home with his wife and three sons Monday, said authorities learned important lessons from Hurricane Katrina and the 2003 fires.
Unlike many of the poor neighborhoods flooded by Hurricane Katrina, some of California's hardest-hit areas were filled with upscale homes, with easy access and wide streets. Authorities used reverse 911 calls to warn residents to get out.
"They learned how to get things done more quickly," Dooley said as he waited at a roadblock to return home to San Diego's Rancho Bernardo area.

燒發泡膠會釋毒氣

來源:星島日報
日期:25/10/2007 5:30p.m.

白加士街粥店火警,焚燒大批發泡膠飯盒。有專家指出,發泡膠燃燒時可釋放毒氣,發泡膠並非危險品,屋宇署沒有限制一般住宅存放發泡膠數量,惟一旦發生火警,會對其他人構成危險。
  城市大學生物化學系副教授張漢揚指出,發泡膠內含聚苯乙烯物質,屬輕化合物,含有此物質的產品,一般重量較輕、耐熱,而且不容易與其他物品產生化學反應,卻非常易燃,燃燒時最高溫度可達攝氏三百至八百度,而且會產生大量對人體有害的有毒氣體,當中包括一氧化碳及氰化氫。
  他續稱,發泡膠這類化學物品燃燒釋出的毒氣,曾令吸入過量者死亡,今次火警中,雖然有消防員被燒傷,但由於消防員身穿的消防衣能抵禦達八百度高溫,故相信是因消防員外露皮膚被灼傷。

Taxing time for mainland exports?

Source: The Standard
Date of issue: Wednesday, October 24, 2007

China, says the British Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research in a recent report, is now believed to be the world's largest emitter of carbon dioxide (CO2), citing figures that the country overtook the United States in 2006, and that its emissions now exceed America's by 8 percent.
Whether last year or next, this was bound to happen sooner or later; given China's continuing economic growth, sooner rather than later was likely.
This development gives some credibility to the belief that mandatory carbon emission caps and reductions such as those in the Kyoto Protocol will not be effective without the involvement of developing countries and in particular China.
The Tyndall Centre goes on to say, however, that "in 2004 - the most recent year in which comprehensive data are available - net exports from China accounted for 23 percent of its total CO2 emissions."
So, if a quarter of China's emissions are the result of manufacturing goods for consumption in the developed world, should they not really be counted in the consuming countries' totals rather than China's? Without demand for the exports, China would not have produced them.
Another British think-tank, the New Economics Foundation, put it this way in a report earlier this month: "China has become the `environmental laundry' for the Western world. China is increasingly blamed for its levels of pollution in general, and its rising greenhouse gas emissions in particular. But it is demand from countries like the UK which leads to smoke from Chinese factories and power plants entering the atmosphere. Because China's energy mix is more fossil-fuel intensive than those of Europe, Japan or the USA, it also means that outsourcing to China creates more greenhouse gas emissions for each product made."
So, America, Britain and Japan can reduce their emissions by outsourcing production to China, which helps these countries' emissions figures but actually raises total emissions worldwide.
However, before pro-China partisans crack a smile at yet another indication that the West's upbraiding of China for everything from currency manipulation to pollution is misguided, everyone should realize that these figures just give the West yet another protectionist argument for restricting, or at least taxing, Chinese imports, an argument which this time would have legitimate economics behind it.
Pollution and carbon emissions are what economists call an "externality." In this case, the manufacturing is pushing the cost of the result of its actions (the cost of dealing with global warming) on to society as a whole. The manufacturer, in other words, is not covering the total cost of production, making production seem less costly than it really is.
If China's competitiveness comes from higher efficiency, lower costs of labour and other inputs, then it has a true competitive advantage. If, however, its lower costs derive in part from, or are accompanied by, externalities, and worse, externalities which affect the entire world rather than just the domestic population, then importing countries have a good reason to raise the cost of these goods via tariffs or quotas to reflect the costs imposed on the world through these carbon emissions.
The result of these reports, therefore, is less likely to be increased stringency in Western carbon caps to take account of outsourced manufacturing than calls for a carbon tax on imports. Unfortunately for the Chinese, it could be argued that importing countries have an obligation, just as they have an obligation to ensure imported Chinese toys and other products are safe, to impose such tariffs to remove the carbon benefit in outsourcing production.
The only solution, just as in the case of lead and antifreeze- tainted toys and toothpaste, is for China to fix the problem at source.
Kyoto Protocols or not, China will need to reduce, in the words of the Tyndall Centre, "the relatively high level of carbon intensity within the Chinese economy." China's use of fossil fuels is highly inefficient, an inefficiency which at US$90 per barrel of oil, China can ill afford in any case.
China should do something about this anyway, but, as with product safety concerns, might well not unless threatened with protectionist measures from importing countries.


Wednesday, October 24, 2007

Yahoo news 24/10/2007

加州野火肆虐 30萬人撤離 1000棟建物燒毀
美國 加州森林大火今天持續延燒,全州已經有超過三十萬人撤離,總統布希宣布進入緊急狀態。強風助長火勢,自前天發生火災以來,迄今估計已焚毀一千棟房舍與商家,燒毀一千平方公里土地,成為加州史上慘重程度數一數二的森林大火。
火勢前天爆發以來,十四處左右的火場已造成一人死亡,二十多人受傷。
根據報導,估計三十萬人被迫逃離家園,當局也勸告另二十萬人撤離。
大火肆虐促使州長阿諾史瓦辛格下令佈署國民兵,協助支援正全力打火的六千名消防員。
布希昨晚宣布加州進入緊急狀態,下令聯邦政府援助祝融肆虐的地區。
加州許多地區今年均創下史上最少雨量與最高溫紀錄,包括洛杉磯,造成乾燥的廣大鄉間地區任憑野火肆虐。火勢在季節氣候系統「聖安納焚風」助長下持續擴散。當局測得強風風速達每小時九十七至一百六十公里。根據預報強風在明天之前不會減弱。
本地新聞媒體報導,在箭頸湖附近的山區隘口,強風吹翻兩輛拖曳卡車。
阿諾昨天前往名人居住地區馬利布巡視燒焦的建築物殘骸後說:「這對加州是個悲慘的時刻。」
火勢蔓延之廣,連外太空都可以看見,濃厚煙霧佈滿整個地區,讓氣象雷達誤以為是雨雲。
白宮今天宣布,聯邦緊急災難處理署「獲得授權得以自行確認、動員與提供必須設備與資源,化解(南加州)緊急事故的衝擊」。數千名消防人員在三百一十六台消防車、十九架消防飛機、十五輛推土機以及八架直昇機支援下,昨晚徹夜與烈焰對抗。

Tuesday, October 23, 2007

Last Updated: Thursday, 18 October 2007, 11:39 GMT 12:39 UK
Costa Rica gets forest fund boost

Costa Rica's forests are home to a number of endangered species.The US and conservation groups will cut $26m (£12.8m) from Costa Rican debt in return for the country spending the same sum on forest protection.
Costa Rica will spend the money over the next 16 years on large swathes of its tropical forest.
It hopes to help conserve such endangered species as the jaguar, squirrel monkey and scarlet macaw.
Areas targeted include the Talamanca Highlands that contain the country's largest untouched tract of rainforest.
We feel that we are also protecting humanity's biodiversity
Roberto DoblesEnvironment minister
Environment minister Roberto Dobles told the BBC that the money would help the government enlarge protected areas, support local communities in their conservation efforts, and encourage tourism.
"We in Costa Rica protect four to five per cent of the world's biodiversity, and our territory is much, much smaller than four to five per cent of the global territory," Mr Dobles said.
"So we feel that we are also protecting humanity's biodiversity, so all the support such as this one is always welcome."
The settlement is the largest of its kind reached under the US Tropical Forest Conservation Act, says BBC Americas editor Will Grant.
Guatemala, Belize and Peru have benefited from similar deals in recent years.
Under the plan, the US will contribute $12.6m. A further $3m will be contributed by conservation groups the Nature Conservancy and Conservation International.

Sunday, October 21, 2007

'Warm wind' hits Arctic climate

'Warm wind' hits Arctic climate

The Arctic is being hit by melting ice, hotter air and dying wildlife, according to a US government report on the impact of global warming there.
A new wind circulation pattern is blowing more warm air towards the North Pole than in the 20th Century, scientists found.
Shrubs are now growing in tundra areas while caribou herds are dwindling in Canada and parts of Alaska.
The report stresses that the fate of the Arctic affects the entire planet.
It looks like the beginning of a signal from global warming James Overland, US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
The US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Noaa) report found that in 2007 winter and spring temperatures were "all above average throughout the whole Arctic and all at the same time" unlike in previous years.
"This is an unusual feature and it looks like the beginning of a signal from global warming," the Noaa's James Overland told reporters.
Scientists have expected polar regions to feel the first impacts of global warming, and the 2006 US State of the Arctic report provided a benchmark for tracking changes, the Associated Press news agency notes.
Wednesday's report was the first update on it.
Story from BBC NEWS:http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/science/nature/7050132.stmPublished: 2007/10/18 04:08:03 GMT© BBC MMVII

Saturday, October 20, 2007

重陽登高掃墓山火101宗

重陽登高掃墓山火101宗 (星島) 10月 20日 星期六 05:30AM
(綜合報道)
(星島日報 報道)昨日的重陽節,各區墳場擠滿掃墓人士。本港受一股東北季候風影響,天文台 發出紅色火災警告訊號。風高物燥下,截至晚上十一時,全港發生一百零一宗山火,為三年來最高紀錄;大部分在新界,不排除有市民拜山遺下火種肇禍,焚毀山林逾二十四萬三千平方米,面積相當於三十五個標準足球場;一名消防員救火受傷被送院治理。
  本報記者
  問世間親情何價?猛烈的陽光、汗流浹背、步伐一致的人群,個個手持大包小包祭品,素花、水果、燒豬……樣樣有齊,此情此景盡是昨日重陽節孝子賢祭祀先人的寫照。由於警方於清晨五時半起封路,將軍澳 華人永遠墳場,更出現又老又嫩、帶備大光燈及電筒,趁未封路前搭的士或駕車上山,摸黑拜山的情景,令冷清的墓園,一早便熱鬧起來。
  各處墳場現拜祭人潮
  和合山、將軍澳、鑽石山、柴灣等多個墳場,整日均擠滿了上山拜祭的人潮。其中,將軍澳華人永遠墳場,警方自清晨五時半起封閉,由山腳至墳場入口的道路,會一直封閉至晚上八時。
  為免卻上山之苦,有孝子賢孫凌晨三、四時出動,趁警方未封路前,搭的士或駕駛車登山,一時間山腰隱約出現小車龍。黑漆漆的墳場方向難辨,又老又嫩的人群,帶備大光燈及電筒登山,實行摸黑拜山。
  今年股市狂升,孝子賢孫均捨得花錢購買祭品及鮮花,動輒推手推車,抬巨型燒豬上山的,大有人在。
  元朗八鄉山火逼近民居
  不過,由於天氣乾燥,港九新界多處郊野發生山火,至晚上十一時,全港共發生一百零一宗山火,當中九十四宗在新界,是自○五年以來最多山火的一個重陽節。○五年和○六年重陽節分別錄得五十二和六十九宗山火。
  大埔 鳳園山山坡火勢猛烈,火乘風勢迅速擴散,一度威脅大埔鳳園蝴蝶保育區,消防員盡力阻擋火勢蔓延,至晚上九時半才撲滅。
  元朗八鄉水頭村昨晨九時半亦發生大規模山火,長達二百米火龍在山頭蔓延,一度逼近民居,火舌所到之處都變為焦土,火場面積逾一萬平方米。至中午十二時許,一名消防員在新屋嶺撲救山火時扭傷腳,由同袍救落山送北區醫院 治理。/

Saturday, October 13, 2007

The Planet is heating up - and FAST

We call the result global warming, but it is causing a set of changes to the Earth's climate, or long-term weather patterns, that varies from place to place. As the Earth spins each day, the new heat swirls with it, picking up moisture over the oceans, rising here, settling there. It's changing the rhythms of climate that all living things have come to rely upon.

What will we do to slow this warming? How will we cope with the changes we've already set into motion? While we struggle to figure it all out, the face of the Earth as we know it—coasts, forests, farms and snow-capped mountains—hangs in the balance.

Greenhouse effect


The "greenhouse effect" is the warming that happens when certain gases in Earth's atmosphere trap heat. These gases let in light but keep heat from escaping, like the glass walls of a greenhouse.

First, sunlight shines onto the Earth's surface, where it is absorbed and then radiates back into the atmosphere as heat. In the atmosphere, “greenhouse” gases trap some of this heat, and the rest escapes into space. The more greenhouse gases are in the atmosphere, the more heat gets trapped.

Scientists have known about the greenhouse effect since 1824, when Joseph Fourier calculated that the Earth would be much colder if it had no atmosphere. This greenhouse effect is what keeps the Earth's climate livable. Without it, the Earth's surface would be an average of about 60 degrees Fahrenheit cooler. In 1895, the Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius discovered that humans could enhance the greenhouse effect by making carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. He kicked off 100 years of climate research that has given us a sophisticated understanding of global warming.

Levels of greenhouse gases (GHGs) have gone up and down over the Earth's history, but they have been fairly constant for the past few thousand years. Global average temperatures have stayed fairly constant over that time as well, until recently. Through the burning of fossil fuels and other GHG emissions, humans are enhancing the greenhouse effect and warming Earth.

Scientists often use the term "climate change" instead of global warming. This is because as the Earth's average temperature climbs, winds and ocean currents move heat around the globe in ways that can cool some areas, warm others, and change the amount of rain and snow falling. As a result, the climate changes differently in different areas.

Aren' t temperature changes natural?

The average global temperature and concentrations of carbon dioxide (one of the major greenhouse gases) have fluctuated on a cycle of hundreds of thousands of years as the Earth's position relative to the sun has varied. As a result, ice ages have come and gone.

However, for thousands of years now, emissions of GHGs to the atmosphere have been balanced out by GHGs that are naturally absorbed. As a result, GHG concentrations and temperature have been fairly stable. This stability has allowed human civilization to develop within a consistent climate.

Occasionally, other factors briefly influence global temperatures. Volcanic eruptions, for example, emit particles that temporarily cool the Earth's surface. But these have no lasting effect beyond a few years. Other cycles, such as El Niño, also work on fairly short and predictable cycles.

Now, humans have increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by more than a third since the industrial revolution. Changes this large have historically taken thousands of years, but are now happening over the course of decades.

Why is this a concern?

The rapid rise in greenhouse gases is a problem because it is changing the climate faster than some living things may be able to adapt. Also, a new and more unpredictable climate poses unique challenges to all life.

Historically, Earth's climate has regularly shifted back and forth between temperatures like those we see today and temperatures cold enough that large sheets of ice covered much of North America and Europe. The difference between average global temperatures today and during those ice ages is only about 5 degrees Celsius (9 degrees Fahrenheit), and these swings happen slowly, over hundreds of thousands of years.

Now, with concentrations of greenhouse gases rising, Earth's remaining ice sheets (such as Greenland and Antarctica) are starting to melt too. The extra water could potentially raise sea levels significantly.

As the mercury rises, the climate can change in unexpected ways. In addition to sea levels rising, weather can become more extreme. This means more intense major storms, more rain followed by longer and drier droughts (a challenge for growing crops), changes in the ranges in which plants and animals can live, and loss of water supplies that have historically come from glaciers.

Scientists are already seeing some of these changes occurring more quickly than they had expected. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, eleven of the twelve hottest years since thermometer readings became available occurred between 1995 and 2006.

Thursday, October 11, 2007

地震5.5震央宜蘭 北台灣搖三級

2007-10-11 11:36/彭群弼

今天中午11點05分2.5秒,發生一起規模5.5的地震,震央位置在北緯24.78度,東經121.81度,大約在宜蘭地震站東方偏北方約7公里,深度為78.9公里,各地都可以感受到搖晃。
其中,西部的搖晃不亞於東部。
包括宜蘭牛鬥,花蓮太魯閣,台北縣貢寮,南投合歡山都是三級,宜蘭市,台北,桃園三光,桃園市,新竹市,苗栗獅頭山,新竹竹北,台中德基,花蓮市,都是二級。
震度一級的包括有基隆是,苗栗市,斗六市都是一級。

地震中心主任郭鎧紋表示:這起地震發生的位置,在宜蘭的海陸交界處,從地震深度推測,應該是發生在菲律賓海板塊隱沒到歐亞大陸板塊下方,屬於隱沒帶的深層地震,可以釋放能量不會帶來地面的威脅。
事實上今年十月份,宜蘭地區已經先後出現了四起有感地震,多數都是小區域有感地震:10月3號發生一起規模3.5,10月7號規模5.0,10月8號在上午半個小時內,發生兩起規模4.1的小區域有感地震。
應該都是正常的能量釋放。

超低硫柴油稅率減半

(明報) 10月 11日 星期四 05:10AM

【明報專訊】為了令藍天重現,特首在施政報告提出多項針對空氣污染的措施,包括最快在今年12月1日,進一步調低歐盟 V期車用超低硫柴油的燃油稅,由目前的1.11元減至0.56元,以鼓勵本地市場盡早

供應這些更環保的燃油,減少路邊空氣污染物排放。

基於環保理由,政府在2000年將當時新引入的超低硫柴油稅率,定於每公升1.11元的優惠水平,低於一般車用柴油2.89元的稅率。資料顯示,優惠令庫房在07/08年度減少11億元稅收,以此推算,若燃油稅由目前的1.11元減至0.56元,及假設全港均供應歐盟V期柴油,政府一年稅收會再減3.46億元。

可望12月1日實施

政府消息表示,下月將會向立法會提出決議案,可望於今年12月 1日實施,為期兩年,至09年11月30日。消息指出,本港市場目前供應的超低硫柴油,六成是歐盟IV期,更環保的歐盟V型佔四成,由於提煉成本較高,若不提供優惠,將來正式應市的V型柴油售價會較高,難吸引車主使用。

消息稱,歐盟將於09年立法,規定歐盟V型柴油為法定燃油,政府希望本港市場可更早應市,因此提供經濟誘因。到09年,本港亦會與歐盟同步,將歐盟V型柴油列為法定規格。香港貨櫃運輸協會主席謝浪表示,內地柴油零售價不到5元人民幣,本港連折扣計算在內,亦要7港元,即使減稅,售價仍遠高於內地,對中港貨櫃車司機缺乏吸引力。

倡立法規定工商業界用超低硫

埃克森美 孚發言人表示,該公司向供應商訂購歐盟IV期柴油,但有時供應商提煉了更高規格的V型,由於售價沒改變,因此未有通知消費者。蜆殼及加德士均表示未有發售歐盟V型柴油,未知兩型號實際成本差距,但肯定V型價格較高。歐盟V型柴油的二氧化硫及懸浮粒子含量,較IV型分別減少80%及5%。

另外,政府又建議立法規定所有工商業界必須以超低硫柴油,取代含硫量高100倍的工業柴油,每年減少排放約3110公噸二氧化硫,約佔整體3.7%。消息指,政府將於明年首季展開諮詢,初步評估經營成本增加1%,對業界影響輕微。政府將於今個立法年度申請9300萬元,撥款給香港生產力促進局 ,開展5年計劃,協助及鼓勵珠三角 地區的港資工廠,採用清潔生產技術及工序,減少排放及提高能源效益。

Wednesday, October 10, 2007

本港早上空氣質素仍欠佳 (本地)
2007年10月8日 HKT: 下午 02:05:00


本港今天空氣質素仍然欠佳。環保署的路邊監測站錄得的空氣污染指數大都超過100,屬於甚高水平。

早上,維港被煙霞籠罩,由尖沙嘴望去香港,白濛濛一片。環保署在中環、旺角及銅鑼灣的路邊監測站,錄得的污染指數稍為較昨日好轉,但仍然介乎92至113的甚高水平。

天文台表示,患有呼吸系統疾病的市民,應避免長時間逗留在交通繁忙的地方。

Tuesday, October 9, 2007

環保城市榜 港稱冠亞洲
(星島) 10月 06日 星期六 05:30AM
(綜合報道)



(星島日報 報道)美國 《讀者文摘》公布全球「最綠色」國家和城市排名,北歐國家最重視環境保護和人民生活品質,儘管冬天嚴寒,芬蘭 仍是全球最適合居住的國家;而在「最綠色」城市排名中,香港名列第十八,為亞洲第一。

  根據聯合國 發布的「人類發展指數」和美國耶魯大學 、哥倫比亞大學、世界經濟論壇編纂的「環境可持續發展指數」,《讀者文摘》委託美國環境經濟學家卡恩綜合考察了一百四十一個國家的空氣、水質等環境因素,生產總值、教育、就業、平均壽命等社會因素,以及溫室氣體排放、對生物多樣性的重視等指標,評估全球最適合居住的國家及城市。

  芬蘭膺最宜居住國家

  結果顯示,芬蘭為最重視環保和居民生活品質的國家,當地的嬰幼兒患病率低,在環境保護及預防天然災害的相關政策擬定和執行上,亦表現突出,成為全球最適合居住的國家。

  非洲 國家埃塞俄比亞、尼日和塞拉里昂 分列榜末三個位置。在首十個最環保國家中,歐洲國家佔了八個,中國則排第八十四。

  《讀者文摘》並考察了七十二個國際大城市的生活品質,前十名全部是歐洲城市,香港排第十八,是排名最高的亞洲城市,其次是東京 ,排第二十,新加坡 排第四十五。最糟糕的城市全部在亞洲,將於明年主辦奧運 會的北京 因空氣污染問題而包尾,排第七十二,在北京之前的依次為:上海 、孟買、廣州、曼谷 和台北。

  有關的評估是根據各城市的公共交通、城市公園、空氣品質、垃圾回收和電費等作為指標。瑞典的斯德哥爾摩是居住品質最好的都會城市,其次是奧斯陸、慕尼黑 和巴黎 。前十位的城市中,有四個是德國 城市,法國 則佔了三個。
學者﹕懸浮粒子吸水膨脹蔽天 污染指數昨稍減 灰霾不散
(明報) 10月 09日 星期二 05:10AM

【明報專訊】本港連日空氣污染指數高企,昨日情略為紓緩,但銅鑼灣 、中環 及旺角 的路邊空氣監測站,全日大部分時間均錄得100以上的「甚高」污染水平。維港上空仍舊灰濛濛,能見度一度低至1.


8公里。理大土木及結構工程學系教授王韜表示,本港昨日濕度較高,空氣中的懸浮粒子遇水膨脹,影響能見度。

844長者昨按平安鐘
近日惡劣的空氣狀,令長者因氣促入院的個案增加。昨日截至下午5時,共有844名長者按平安鐘求助,其中60人需送院治療,當中12人是氣促入院。事實上,今年10月1日至今,已有逾80多名長者因氣促入院。長者安居服務協會發言人表示,空氣污染是其中一個令長者入院的原因,上周六因氣促入院的長者人數便多達16人。

發言人指出,平日因氣促入院的長者平均約10人,單在10月1日至昨日黃金周8日內,超過10名長者因氣促入院的日子便有4天,由11人至16人不等。

今料空氣質素有改善

環境局常任秘書長王倩儀昨日出席一個場合時表示,政府改善香港空氣質素不遺餘力,會繼續與廣東省合作,減低空氣中的污染物。對於本港連日空氣質素欠佳,她指是受到颱風羅莎影響,令本港風勢減弱,污染物積聚。

天文台 科學主任李國麟 表示,過去數日華南沿岸風勢微弱,偏北風把內陸的懸浮粒子帶到香港,無法吹散;但昨晚開始有一股東北季候風抵達,預料今日本 港能見度會有改善。環保署 昨晚9時預測,本港今日空氣污染指數,可望回落至100或以下的「偏高」水平。

可吸入懸浮粒子為元兇

環保署3個路邊空氣監測站,昨日大部分時間均錄得100以上的「甚高」污染水平,當中以旺角最嚴重,昨午3時曾一度錄得指數118。至於反映大氣狀況的11個一般空氣監測站,全日均沒有超標,但推高污染指數的污染物,全部均是「可吸入懸浮粒子」,顯示這些污染物是令香港上空灰濛濛的元兇。

王韜表示,本港昨日的空氣質素已較前日改善,但大部分時間濕度均達到60%以上,空氣中的水氣與懸浮粒子結合,令粒子膨脹,影響能見度。理大土木及結構工程學系在鶴咀設有空氣監測站,多日前已偵測到內地的指標污染物一氧化碳抵港,顯示其他污染物亦隨風而至,影響本港。
污染物濃度高 小童呼吸道急症增
(明報) 10月 09日 星期二 05:10AM

【明報專訊】近日空氣污染嚴重,導致因呼吸道疾病入院的人數上升,部分哮喘 病人甚至在服藥後仍未能控制病情。香港哮喘會副主席兼兒科專科醫生譚一翔指出,近日有較多小童因哮喘、呼吸道感染甚

至肺炎求診,也收到不少求助電話,指兒童患上呼吸道急症。

譚一翔說,近日因呼吸道疾病入院人數上升,部分哮喘病人出現呼吸困難而需要入院,相信與近期空氣污染嚴重有關。港大研究亦指出,空氣污染物濃度增加,特別是二氧化氮,對18歲以下的哮喘病患者影響明顯,入院率會上升5.64%。

入院風險增

空氣中常見污染物包括臭氧、二氧化氮、二氧化碳、二氧化硫、微細懸浮粒子和可吸入懸浮粒子。研究顯示,每立方米空氣含臭氧量,每上升10微克,入院風險即增加3.4%;微細懸浮粒子則令風險增加3.1%;二氧化氮令風險增加2.6%;可吸入懸浮粒子令風險增加2.4%;二氧化硫令風險增加0.7%。

空氣污染物增加,可刺激氣管分泌物,引致氣管發炎,誘發慢性阻塞肺病發病或惡化。中大內科及治療學系(呼吸系統)副教授許樹昌說,中大醫學院分析過去5年的空氣質素,發現5種常見污染物增加的日子,會誘發慢性阻塞性肺病患者急性病發,令入院率上升。

應減少外出打開窗戶

許樹昌又說,氣管發炎、氣促可誘發心臟病 ,因此氣管病或心臟病患者在空氣污染嚴重的日子應減少外出,在室內亦不宜打開窗戶,避免空氣污染物飄進室內刺激氣管發炎。
季候風南移今低25c
(星島) 10月 09日 星期二 05:30AM
(綜合報道)

(星島日報 報道)受颱風影響,上周末的翳熱天氣叫人吃不消,但隨東北季候風昨晚抵華南沿岸地區,天文台 預料節氣寒露的今天氣溫將急跌至最低二十五度,並將持續清涼;季候風亦可望吹散空氣中的懸浮粒子,令能見度好轉。

  天文台科學主任李國麟 昨表示,一股東北冬季季候風昨晚抵達華南沿岸地區,把北部地區乾燥及較涼的氣流帶往華南沿岸,今天氣溫將轉涼,最低只有二十五度、明天最低氣溫將跌至二十三度,最高亦不過二十八度。未來數天天氣亦會較涼及間中有陽光。

  上周末令本港相當翳熱的熱帶風暴 「羅莎」已於浙江登陸,並減弱為熱帶低氣壓。不過本港昨天空氣質素仍欠佳,環保署 在旺角 ,中環 及銅鑼灣 的路邊監測站,錄得逾一百的甚高空氣污染水平。李國麟指出,空氣中的懸浮粒子前幾天因氣壓低等原因無從擴散、並積聚為煙霞,但他指隨季候風抵達,風速相對增強,料可吹散懸浮粒子,今天的能見度將好轉。

  截至昨晚九時,約一千一百多名長者按平安鐘 求助、七十七人需送院,當中十三人為氣促,其餘為頭暈、心臟不適等。長者安居服務協會總幹事馬錦華表示,「轉天氣」時求助數字相對增多,呼籲長者於空氣質素差時盡量減少外出及往人煙稠密之處;在家則應打開窗戶增加空氣流通。

  空氣差日子 學生倡停課

  耳鼻喉科專科醫生葉文浩亦指,近日空氣差,對哮喘 、慢性支氣管患者影響甚大,「空氣差時氣管會收縮及多分泌物,影響呼吸,或有氣促等問題。」他建議呼吸道感染病者於空氣差的日子盡量減少外出、必要時則戴口罩。

  另外,可持續發展委員會就改善空氣質素的諮詢,四個月以來接獲三萬多份反應書,委員會將於下月底向政府提交報告。環境局常任秘書長王倩儀昨表示,政府對改善空氣質素不遺餘力,與廣東省合作減低發電廠、車輛、工廠等污染物,並正就停車熄匙諮詢公眾。

  順德聯誼總會訪問轄下十三所中小學共五千多名學生,逾三成受訪者認為政府應在空氣污染的日子取消所有體力活動、包括上學。

Monday, October 8, 2007

風 災 停 電
台 三 戶 柴 油 發 電 2 死 12 傷颱 風 「 羅 莎 」 橫 掃 台 灣 及 福 建 , 台 灣 宜 蘭 縣 三 個 家 庭 因 停 電 而 使 用 小 型 柴 油 發 電 機 應 急 , 引 致 一 氧 化 碳 中 毒 , 釀 成 2 死 12 傷 悲 劇 , 令 台 灣 死 亡 數 字 升 至 最 少 13 人 , 2 人 失 蹤 , 颱 風 亦 令 台 北 桃 園 機 場 出 現 大 混 亂 , 國 際 航 班 幾 乎 都 要 延 遲 。
羅 莎 前 晚 登 陸 宜 蘭 後 , 昨 午 3 時 30 分 登 陸 福 建 浙 江 交 界 的 福 建 福 鼎 沙 埕 鎮 , 近 中 心 最 大 風 速 12 級 , 每 秒 33 米 , 下 午 5 時 減 弱 為 強 熱 帶 風 暴 , 以 每 小 時 20 公 里 速 度 向 西 北 方 向 移 動 。 因 颱 風 關 係 , 昨 日 上 午 有 11 個 香 港 往 來 台 灣 的 航 班 取 消 , 另 有 18 個 航 班 延 誤 。 台 北 桃 園 機 場 在 過 去 一 天 半 取 消 了 200 多 個 航 班 , 昨 日 又 是 黃 金 周 最 後 一 天 假 期 , 大 批 台 商 急 欲 飛 香 港 再 轉 機 返 大 陸 , 令 機 場 擠 得 水 洩 不 通 , 候 補 機 位 的 人 龍 竟 長 達 2,000 人 。

溫 州 8 鄉 鎮 水 浸 最 高 1.8 米
福 建 的 海 陸 空 交 通 受 颱 風 影 響 , 20 多 班 飛 機 取 消 或 延 誤 。 浙 江 、 福 建 、 上 海 等 地 豪 雨 連 場 , 部 份 地 區 雨 量 超 過 200 毫 米 , 溫 州 平 陽 縣 八 個 鄉 鎮 出 現 水 浸 , 水 深 最 高 1.8 米 。 至 於 前 日 下 午 在 溫 州 以 東 發 出 求 救 訊 號 , 載 有 27 名 外 籍 船 員 的 一 艘 香 港 註 冊 貨 船 , 拯 救 工 作 仍 在 進 行 。 國 家 總 理 溫 家 寶 作 出 重 要 批 示 , 要 求 各 地 做 好 防 災 措 施 。

Sunday, October 7, 2007

北極地區或無人繼香燈

(明報) 09月 13日 星期四 05:05AM
【明報專訊】化學污染物影響胎兒性別 2個女兒一個仔

丹麥科學家剛發表驚人發現,由於人造化學品隨氣流及海水污染北極地區,格陵蘭、加拿大、俄羅斯等地的孕婦吸收過量化學物後,竟可令腹中塊肉由仔變女!部分北極村落的男女嬰比例是1﹕2,其中一條村更只誕女嬰,令愛斯基摩村民面臨後繼無人的危機。

奧胡斯大學的北極環境醫學中心周二指出,工業國家使用的多氯聯苯(PCB)及滴滴涕(DDT)殺蟲劑等,正隨海水及氣流污染北極。研究員量度孕婦血液的化學物含量,發現化學物會變成近似人類的賀爾蒙,隨母體血液經胎盤傳給胎兒,在懷孕首3周足以影響胎兒性別。

食物鏈內積聚毒素

北極監察及評估計劃的研究員雷爾森說:「我們發現,當孕婦體內每公升血液的PCB含量高2至4微克或以上,她們平均每誕下兩個女兒,才生1個兒子。」他解釋,人造化學物的濃度在食物鏈不斷累積,鯨魚、海獅及北極熊等北極動物體內的化學物含量,較食物鏈最基層的浮游生物高100萬倍。若愛斯基摩村民、獵戶等吃了這些動物,就會吸收毒素,甚至改變胎兒性別。

由於北極及愛斯基摩村落的主食是肉類及魚,令陰陽失衡的情嚴峻。雷爾森說:「在格陵蘭以北、圖勒美國 空軍基地附近,那兒的愛斯基摩村民只誕女嬰。在格陵蘭東部及北部,村民仍保持傳統飲食習慣,他們正面臨滅絕危機。但各國政府都坐視不理,以免要重新檢討工業化學品的問題。」

男嬰較細小孱弱

科學家指出,污染嚴重或可解釋北半球多處地區近年出現女嬰「過盛」的問題。在俄羅斯部分地區,近年多了很多早產嬰,而且男嬰會比女嬰細小、孱弱。科學家現正抽驗俄羅斯的北極島民血液樣本,以證實孕婦的血液中的化學物與胎兒性別的關連,並同時研究未滿周歲的嬰兒夭折率與化學物的關係。

愛斯基摩北極圈協會前主席林格說:「性別失衡是當前災難,對於只有約1500人的俄羅斯愛斯基摩人,情更是嚴峻。」

Saturday, October 6, 2007

Eight killed in volcano eruption

Last Updated: Monday October 01 2007 14:54 GMT
Rescuers are searching for survivors after a volcano erupted on a tiny island in the red sea near the Middle Eastern country of Yemen.
Clouds of ash were thrown hundreds of metres into the air late on Sunday evening as the massive mountain started spewing lava into the sea.

About 50 Yemeni soldiers were evacuated from the area but eight were killed by the eruption.

It's the first time the volcano has erupted for about a hundred years.


Find out more about volcanoes
The volcano is close to a military base and it's thought the western part of the island collapsed following the eruption.

Thursday, October 4, 2007

保港會覆核反灣仔填海

保港會覆核反灣仔填海
運輸局︰中環繞道已諮詢 有凌駕性需要 2007年10月4日

【明報專訊】保護海港協會再次入稟高等法院,就反對灣仔填海工程提出司法覆核。協會指出,雖然政府於刊憲時表示灣仔填海只屬臨時性,待灣仔至中環繞道工程完成後會拆除,但協會認為工程會嚴重破壞港口,違反了《保護海港條例》。運輸及房屋局發言人回應,指中環灣仔繞道已經過詳細的公眾諮詢,建議填海幅度已縮減至最小,並已確立計劃有「凌駕性需要」。

保護海港協會董事陸恭正認為,是次訴訟雖然有機會被駁回及受批評,但經過考慮及諮詢法律意見後,亦認為有勝算。

運輸及房屋局本年7月27日就灣仔第二期發展計劃刊憲,公布擬建中環灣仔繞道和東區走廊連接路。有關工程在灣仔、銅鑼灣及北角對開的海面,填海面積約12.7公頃,填海所得的用地主要用作運輸基礎設施。工程項目將沿港島北岸提供一條約4.5公里長的主幹道路,連接中環林士街行車天橋及北角東區走廊,紓緩告士打道、夏道和干諾道中走廊的交通擠塞,為中環、灣仔和銅鑼灣道路網絡提供接駁通道。工程預計最快明年底展開,2016年完成。

指臨時填海亦破壞港口

雖然運輸及房屋局強調灣仔海濱對開的填海工程屬「臨時性」,待中環灣仔繞道完成後就會拆除,不會對海港構成永久影響,故「臨時填海」並無違反《保護海港條例》。但保護海港協會卻指工程會嚴重破壞海港,對港口及海濱帶來負面影響。

協會又指出,即使是臨時填海,亦要依足《保護海港條例》,故不能接受政府指條例不適用於臨時填海的立場,昨午決定入稟。

保護海港協會03年首次引用《保護海港條例》入稟法院,成功推翻城規會原有於灣仔的26公頃填海計劃。法官更訂定條例背後精神,指所有維港填海須通過「有凌駕及迫切需要」、「別無其他選擇」和「將填海程度減至最低」三大原則。

俄烏兩國就天然氣達協議

(東方)俄烏兩國就天然氣達協議
04/10/2007

歐 盟 國 家 的 天 然 氣 供 應 危 機 或 將 化 解 。 俄 羅 斯 國 營 天 然 氣 公 司 Gazprom 指 烏 克 蘭 的 「 消 費 者 」 , 特 別 是 工 業 用 戶 , 拖 欠 逾 一 百 億 港 元 , 周 二 威 脅 若 本 月 內 不 償 還 這 筆 款 項 就 截 斷 天 然 氣 供 應 , 烏 國 政 府 派 能 源 部 長 博 伊 科 到 莫 斯 科 洽 商 後 , Gazprom 昨 發 表 聲 明 指 雙 方 已 達 成 協 議 , 烏 國 政 府 將 負 責 此 債 務 問 題 , 公 司 主 席 梅 德 韋 杰 夫 大 派 定 心 丸 , 稱 歐 洲 用 戶 不 必 擔 憂 。 俄 羅 斯 運 往 西 歐 國 家 的 天 然 氣 中 , 八 成 經 烏 克 蘭 運 輸 。 ( 綜 合 報 道 )

11港企今簽「環保約章」

(星島) 10月 04日 星期四 05:30AM (綜合報道)

(星島日報報道)日常使用的任何一件產品,從原料、生產、使用到丟棄,都可能對環境造成不同程度的污染,本港雖然已有部分較為環保的產品在市場上出現,但要普及仍有待發展。環保團體希望透過大型企業作牽頭,落實環保採購,最基本從日常使用的每一張紙張做起,盡量採購及使用一些對環境產生較少影響的產品。今日將有十多家本地企業簽署一份「香港環保採購約章」,落實有關措施。

  由環保促進會擬訂的「香港環保採購約章」,現時已獲國泰航空、中電、迪士尼樂園、房委會、機管局、醫院管理局、地鐵、新創建、海洋公園、中華煤氣及瑞安房地產等十一家企業承諾簽署。

  政府推動可刺激商界參與

  這些企業在採購產品時,需採購和使用一些對環境產生較少影響的產品,包括考慮產品或服務在所有生命周期當中,會否對環境造成污染。首階段會建議先從紙張及電子產品做起,在約章之下亦會訂出明確的指引,要求企業遵從,明年底檢討成效。

  該會行政總幹事何惠萍表示,現時環保採購在本港市場仍未算普及,除了部分跨國公司已有既定的環保採購指引外,不少本地企業在採購時仍優先以經濟作為原則,未有將環保視為企業責任的一部分。她表示,日後會加強教育及宣傳,希望能將約章推廣至更多本地企業參與。

  需求大價格可降低

  要推動民間參與,政府必然要扮演重要角色。特首曾蔭權在去年《施政報告》中亦提出過加強政府部門落實環保採購措施。對此,她認為,政府的推動,將可有助刺激商界參與。她指出,在日本以及不少歐洲國家,政府會為環保產品設立稅務優惠措施,以鼓勵企業採用較環保的產品。中國、台灣等地政府,亦會預留一成至兩成的撥款,作為環保採購之用。

  她續稱,本港並非沒有環保產品供選擇,例如不少市面出售的油漆,已大大減低揮發性有機化合物(VOC)的含量,而有不少紙張,是以再造物料或非木材原料製成,價格與一般產品相差不足一成,假如日後市場需求能夠擴大,相信價格亦可再相應降低,長遠更希望建立出一個環保採購的平台,讓企業能更廣泛參與。

Wednesday, October 3, 2007

北極冰層2年縮水25%

北極冰層2年縮水25%
(明報) 09月 24日 星期一 05:10AM
【明報專訊】美國 科學家表示,北極 冰層急速縮水,上周錄得的冰層覆蓋面積只有420萬平方公里,比2005年錄得的560萬平方公里最低紀錄,還要再少兩成半,今次冰層萎縮了超過100萬平方公里,面積相等於約5個英國,令人更關注全球暖化的影響。

美國國家冰雪數據中心科學家邁耶說﹕「與對上一次最低紀錄相比,今次冰層的消失面積是歷來最大的,實在令人驚訝。」該中心表示,北極海冰層一般會按季節融化,但像今次般萎縮如此大面積則從來沒見過。這次有超過100萬平方公里冰層融化,邁耶形容,一、兩年間出現如此大變化,令人震驚。

反常高氣壓持續 加速冰山瓦解

北極海冰層融化雖不會像格陵蘭或南極冰川融化般令全球水位上升,但由於冰塊可反射大量陽光,而海水則吸收陽光,故冰層面積減少,會使海水的面積不斷擴大,吸收的陽光也會更多,這會使水溫升高,令冰塊進一步加速融化。

邁耶表示,今年冰層萎縮情尤其嚴重,是受到一連串相互關聯的因素影響,包括今年北極區長時間受高氣壓影響、導致上空經常萬里無雲,以及今年環流模式有別於往常,持續將冰塊推離北極等。

邁耶強調,今年冰層大幅萎縮,「直接原因」並非人類產生的二氧化碳增多,而是因為高氣壓,但也不能說與全球暖化全無關係,「因為若你撇除全球暖化的人為因素,又不能解釋這個整體變化的趨勢」。聯合國 氣候變化小組今年曾發表報告,指出全球暖化出現,有九成可能是人類活動所致。

Tuesday, October 2, 2007

中國十年內改用慳電膽支持環保 10月 02日


中國十年內改用慳電膽支持環保 10月 02日

全球最大的電燈泡生產國中國,同意參與一項全球性計劃,在未來十年內分階段取締傳統的鎢絲電燈膽,改用比較節省能源的慳電膽。在世界各地推行環保運動的全球環境基金(GEF)現時正積極游說更


多國家和地區加入,現在得到中國支持,有如打了一支強心針。 現時在全球各地出售的電燈泡當中,多達七成是在中國生產的。全球環境基金的女總幹事巴爾比周一宣布:「中國將會在未來十年內,由使用傳統電燈泡過度至使用慳電燈泡。」 巴爾比在華盛頓 出席路透社環境高峰會議時說:「我們已經展開了一場世界性的運動,取締所有不合符效益的電燈泡。中國已經剛剛同意參與。」

風暴季風雙重影響掀大浪

(明報) 10月 02日 星期二 05:10AM
【明報專訊】受東北季候風及強烈熱帶風暴 利奇馬的共同影響,華南沿岸海域風浪頗大,天文台 表示,過去兩日海面有2至3米高中浪,但今日預料風速更高,可能出現更強的3至5.5米高大浪,呼籲市民停

止所有水上活動。天文台補充,只要沿岸吹和緩至清勁的風速,便可輕易掀起中浪,大浪情並不罕見。

風速如3號波

天文台表示,強烈熱帶風暴利奇馬集結在西沙以南約140公里,預料向西北或西北偏西移動,時速約15公里,大致趨向海南島。同時,位於呂宋以東的熱帶低氣壓集結在沖繩島東南偏南約1000公里,預料移動緩慢;加上天文台於昨下午4時半,發出強烈季候風信號,平均風速達40公里以上,陣風間中達烈風程度。根據天文台資料,3號風球的持續風力為41至62公里,即季候風強度已達3號風球的風力。預料本港吹偏東強風,海面持續風高浪急。

天文台資料顯示,前天及昨天同樣吹東至東北風4至5級,風速在每小時40公里以下,浪高2至3米;但今日風力將增強到5至6級,間中更達7級,風速高達每小時60公里,海有大浪,浪高可能高達3至5.5米。天文台建議市民,應該遠離岸邊及停止所有水上活動。

Monday, October 1, 2007

海洋公園吊車一度大風停駛

本港今日風力強勁,海洋公園的吊車下午一度因為大風而停駛,至風勢減弱再恢復服務。
海洋公園吊車下午三時許因為大風關係,一度暫停服務,發言人強調表示現場已有足夠指引提醒遊客。
而天文台 今日持續發出強烈季候風信號,預料本港吹偏東強風,平均風速每小時超過四十公里。

葉門紅海島嶼火山爆發 四名士兵被岩漿燒死

法新社葉門荷岱達港一日電) 紅海賈巴塔爾島上的火山昨天爆發,造成最少四名葉門士兵被燒死,當局今天展開救援行動,從島上的軍事要塞撤出其他人員。生還者撤往葉門的荷岱達港,其中某些人說,一百五十多公里外的賈巴塔爾島上發生火山爆發,造成四名士兵當場罹難。避難者中一名士兵說:「我們的四名同袍遭到岩漿燒死。」
另一名士兵告訴法新社:「火山在昨天下午五時三十分爆發,他們立即喪命。」加拿大海軍說,「多倫多號」巡防艦應葉門海岸防衛隊要求,已加入救援任務。加國海軍說,該艦接獲援助要求時,正依照北大西洋公約組織的部署命令駛往蘇伊士運河。葉門海岸防衛隊說,火山爆發時,島上約有五十名士兵。
海岸防衛隊已撤離島上軍事要塞中多數人員,最後三名仍失蹤的士兵,加國海軍也於今早尋獲。一名國防部指揮官說:「某些士兵受傷,送往醫院治療。」葉門國防部在網站上說,火山爆發前,島嶼四周已出現相當多的地殼活動。該部說,當地九月二十八日更測得芮氏規模七點三的強震。薩巴新聞社引述地質學家報導,島上這座一千兩百公尺高的火山,上次爆發是在十九世紀。