Dear 4H, Melaine and Adonia,
Merry Christmas to you all!
I have posted up the answer for Exercise 6 and 8 which have been distributed to you before the holiday. Please check the answer by yourself. If you have any questions, you can MSN me if you see me online. Or you can email me at wychow_bps@yahoo.com.hk
Good luck and Add oil!
Read more news, girls! You know you can always answer the questions in a better way when you have more COMMON SENSE!!! esp. for the theme on CITY.
Dun afraid in making mistakes. And dun put too much pressure on yourself! It's not your fault if you cannot get everything correct! Remember, all the human beings on the earth learn from their mistakes in the past. Making mistakes is part of our learning process.
But of coz, you need to put some efforts in understanding the themes and issues first.........haha!
Cheers,
Miss Chow
Christmas eve 07 @ school
Monday, December 24, 2007
Answer for Exercise 6 and 8
Exercise 6:
- 1a. Plate A: Eurasian Plate; Plate B: Pacific Plate; Plate C: African Plate; Plate D: Indo-Austrialian Plate; Plate E: South American Plate
- 1b. mid-oceanic ridges, transform faults, submarine volcanoes and volcanic islands.
- 2a.
- 2b. X: destructive; Y: constructive
- 2c. Plates move towards each other due to converging magma currents/ compressional force
- Nazca Plate collides with South American Plate
- Denser Nazca Plate subducts
- Sediments washed down from South American Plate form sedimentary rock
- Sedimentary rock between the two plates are squeezed up
- Rise above sea level to form fold mountain
- 3. X: block mountain; Y: rift valley; compressional
- 4. A: batholith; B: dyke; C: sill; Y: basic lava cone; X: composite cone
- 5. normal; tensional
- 6. reverse; compressional
- 7. tear; lateral
Exercise 8
- 1a. X is rift valley; Y is lave plateau
- 1b. Change the question into: "What is the process leading to the formation of feature X?" Answer: faulting
- 1c. characteristics: wide base, U-shape, stepp slopes on two sides, river running across
- formation: can be formed under both tensional and compressional force
- 2a. 1000m
- 2b. broad base, oval shape, gentle slopes, cultivation at the foot hill (soil is not acidic)
- 3a. A: sill; B: dyke
- 3b. Compare (similarities): intrusive features; formed by cooling of magma
- Contrast (differences): shape (one is tilted/vertical; one is horizontal)
- 3ci. C: composite cone
- 3cii. formed by alternate layers of ash and lava
Friday, December 14, 2007
Map Reading on Monday (17/12)
Dear girls,
So sad to know about the abandonment of the website ....... You can see the number of posts from Sept to now is decreasing gradually......
I am here to recruit some volunteers to help maintaining the web. If you are currently reading news every day or quite often and if you don't mind on updating the web site, please help logging in every day to update the web with the most updated news.
Meanwhile, I will start classifying the news under different themes and issues. Thank you very much indeed if you can help!
And for the map reading on Monday, please bring with you the whole chapter starting from p.161 and the map of SAI KUNG. I have flipped over the exercise and I found that there are lots of revision exercises on the map reading skills that you have learnt. Try and see if you still remember those skills.
Cheers,
Miss Chow
So sad to know about the abandonment of the website ....... You can see the number of posts from Sept to now is decreasing gradually......
I am here to recruit some volunteers to help maintaining the web. If you are currently reading news every day or quite often and if you don't mind on updating the web site, please help logging in every day to update the web with the most updated news.
Meanwhile, I will start classifying the news under different themes and issues. Thank you very much indeed if you can help!
And for the map reading on Monday, please bring with you the whole chapter starting from p.161 and the map of SAI KUNG. I have flipped over the exercise and I found that there are lots of revision exercises on the map reading skills that you have learnt. Try and see if you still remember those skills.
Cheers,
Miss Chow
Tuesday, December 11, 2007
活化中區 警署展覽被批公眾難明 大部分展板全英文 意見調查被指引導性 (明報) 12月 11日 星期二 05:05AM
【明報專訊】經過兩個月的討論，香港賽馬會 今日開始舉行活化中區警署建築群展覽，向市民解釋活化計劃的構思，但展館內大部分展板以「全英文」介紹新建的高達160米的文化樓和瞭望台特色，場內派發的意見調查表則全是原則性問題，被立法會 議員批評問卷具引導性，有區議員明言會自行舉辦「真正令公眾明白」的展覽和問卷調查。
賽馬會今天起在香港賽馬博物館舉行活化中區警署展覽，展館分為兩部分，第一部分主要介紹建築群的歷史，設有建築群模型、多張歷史相片和中英文版的影片，配合中文翻譯的展板。但踏進第二部分、解釋新建築物的展覽，卻只有一小段資料有中英翻譯，剩下所有展板全用英文解釋，當中包括技術用語如日照研究、通風原理等。
另外，場內設有意見調查表予參觀者，在表達認同程度一欄中共有11條建議方案，包括「中區警署建築群應為城市再生及古蹟活化的全球典範」、「新建的建築物應具現代感，與現有的歷史建築互相映襯」等。至於最具爭議的新建築物高度、是否需要在該區興建瞭望台、新建築物與建築群歷史有何關係皆沒有提問。
蔡素玉 ﹕看完都不知什麼事
共建維港委員會海港計劃檢討小組委員會前主席吳永順形容，問卷只問一些概念問題，「很難反對」。立法會民政事務委員會文物保護小組主席蔡素玉指出，問卷內容全「引導別人同意」，「那些技術性字眼，即使用中文我也未必明白，何全英文？我怕市民看完都不知道發生什麼事」。中西區區議員甘乃威認為，整個展覽由選址、語言和內容皆不符合公眾需要，「我不明白為何不在中區警署舉行展覽？」
馬會﹕以圖解釋 少用文字
馬會慈善事務執行總監饒恩培解釋，整個展覽主要以圖片解釋新建築物的構思，盡量少用文字，「若不明白那些字不緊要，因那是不需要的，最重要是看過圖片和模型後的感受」。被問到為何不把新建築物高度寫在問卷內，他說﹕「你都聽到大家同意不同意（高度），全世界也是這樣，同意的人不出聲，不同意才出聲。」
他又指出，現階段未決定各建築物的用途，「有部分可用作書店，有些可用作食肆，總之有商業元素」，故展覽沒有具體細節，「不是要知道市民是否贊成某處用作什麼用途，而是要知道是否需要活化舊建築物和有新建築物」。
【明報專訊】經過兩個月的討論，香港賽馬會 今日開始舉行活化中區警署建築群展覽，向市民解釋活化計劃的構思，但展館內大部分展板以「全英文」介紹新建的高達160米的文化樓和瞭望台特色，場內派發的意見調查表則全是原則性問題，被立法會 議員批評問卷具引導性，有區議員明言會自行舉辦「真正令公眾明白」的展覽和問卷調查。
賽馬會今天起在香港賽馬博物館舉行活化中區警署展覽，展館分為兩部分，第一部分主要介紹建築群的歷史，設有建築群模型、多張歷史相片和中英文版的影片，配合中文翻譯的展板。但踏進第二部分、解釋新建築物的展覽，卻只有一小段資料有中英翻譯，剩下所有展板全用英文解釋，當中包括技術用語如日照研究、通風原理等。
另外，場內設有意見調查表予參觀者，在表達認同程度一欄中共有11條建議方案，包括「中區警署建築群應為城市再生及古蹟活化的全球典範」、「新建的建築物應具現代感，與現有的歷史建築互相映襯」等。至於最具爭議的新建築物高度、是否需要在該區興建瞭望台、新建築物與建築群歷史有何關係皆沒有提問。
蔡素玉 ﹕看完都不知什麼事
共建維港委員會海港計劃檢討小組委員會前主席吳永順形容，問卷只問一些概念問題，「很難反對」。立法會民政事務委員會文物保護小組主席蔡素玉指出，問卷內容全「引導別人同意」，「那些技術性字眼，即使用中文我也未必明白，何全英文？我怕市民看完都不知道發生什麼事」。中西區區議員甘乃威認為，整個展覽由選址、語言和內容皆不符合公眾需要，「我不明白為何不在中區警署舉行展覽？」
馬會﹕以圖解釋 少用文字
馬會慈善事務執行總監饒恩培解釋，整個展覽主要以圖片解釋新建築物的構思，盡量少用文字，「若不明白那些字不緊要，因那是不需要的，最重要是看過圖片和模型後的感受」。被問到為何不把新建築物高度寫在問卷內，他說﹕「你都聽到大家同意不同意（高度），全世界也是這樣，同意的人不出聲，不同意才出聲。」
他又指出，現階段未決定各建築物的用途，「有部分可用作書店，有些可用作食肆，總之有商業元素」，故展覽沒有具體細節，「不是要知道市民是否贊成某處用作什麼用途，而是要知道是否需要活化舊建築物和有新建築物」。
Thursday, December 6, 2007
勾地表擬設限減屏風效應
(星島) 12月 06日 星期四 05:30AM
反對屏風樓呼聲下，近期勾地表內多幅地皮，其發展密度面對環保團體挑戰。為減少地產發展的不明朗因素，本報獲悉，當局計畫在明年的勾地表賣地章程，新加入的地皮將增設總樓面面積、高度限制等發展參數，為項目發展「封頂」；甚至考慮在大型地盤內加入「禁止興建地帶」，以減少備受爭議的平台式設計。地產建設商會認為，為賣地章程添加限制條件，會令地產商在出價變得審慎。
環保觸覺過去半年先後多次向城規會申請降低勾出地皮的發展密度，除包括已勾出及拍賣的西九龍海輝道、黃大仙 親仁街地皮外，亦有一些尚未獲勾出的地皮，例如前山谷道二期地皮和何文田 佛光街用地。
政府消息人士透露，為免再發生發展商成功勾地後，才被環保團體「挑戰」的情況，未來一年放入勾地表的「新地皮」，在賣地章程內將列明發展參數，以便外間準確掌握地皮的發展「限制」。
加入總面積高度限制
他解釋說，目前的賣地章程其實已有列出個別發展參數，但並不足夠，特別是不少地皮也沒有「寫死」總樓面面積，發展商投地後往往可透過改動圖則增加總樓面面積，令樓宇體積較預期龐大。因此計畫在明年新加入勾地表的地皮，可列明總樓面面積上限（詳見另文）。至於目前同樣未必有提及的地積比率及樓宇高度上限，預計亦將在賣地章程內一併列出。
針對備受爭議的平台式樓宇設計，被指影響地面通風效果，當局考慮可能在個別重要的地盤內，加入「禁止興建地帶」（No Building Area），「我們只會揀選那些較大的地盤加入這些限制，令部分地方不能建樓，目的是希望平台不會『一塊過』建成。」
消息人士坦言，社會普遍希望收緊用地參數，限制發展密度。對於會否影響賣地收益，他認為，釋除土地的不明朗因素後，有助鼓勵發展商勾地和發展，庫房收益未必會相差很遠。
有助發展商勾地
不過，當局考慮到現已納入勾地表的土地或會被隨時勾出，個別發展商亦已可能作出賣地前的研究，因此無意為目前勾地表內的土地注入相同發展參數限制。
據了解，剛被政府收回的前北角用地，可能是新措施的「試金石」，其總樓面面積、地積比率和高度等均會受到限制，但由於售地前的準備工夫仍需時進行，暫時未能預計能否趕及放進來年勾地表。
商會：出價會變審慎
地產建設商會秘書長龍漢標回應表示，作為市場的參與者，地產商會尊重政府定出的市場原則運作，但地產商事前亦定必作出估算，因此當賣地章程每多添加一項條件時，在出價時也會較為審慎，「若社會可以接受庫房收入減少，這便是需要準備付出的代價。」
他又關注部分建議引入的參數，如發展高度或「禁止興建地帶」，會對土地的規劃帶來太大局限，令本港社會出現太多「倒模」設計，城市面貌缺乏創意。
反對屏風樓呼聲下，近期勾地表內多幅地皮，其發展密度面對環保團體挑戰。為減少地產發展的不明朗因素，本報獲悉，當局計畫在明年的勾地表賣地章程，新加入的地皮將增設總樓面面積、高度限制等發展參數，為項目發展「封頂」；甚至考慮在大型地盤內加入「禁止興建地帶」，以減少備受爭議的平台式設計。地產建設商會認為，為賣地章程添加限制條件，會令地產商在出價變得審慎。
環保觸覺過去半年先後多次向城規會申請降低勾出地皮的發展密度，除包括已勾出及拍賣的西九龍海輝道、黃大仙 親仁街地皮外，亦有一些尚未獲勾出的地皮，例如前山谷道二期地皮和何文田 佛光街用地。
政府消息人士透露，為免再發生發展商成功勾地後，才被環保團體「挑戰」的情況，未來一年放入勾地表的「新地皮」，在賣地章程內將列明發展參數，以便外間準確掌握地皮的發展「限制」。
加入總面積高度限制
他解釋說，目前的賣地章程其實已有列出個別發展參數，但並不足夠，特別是不少地皮也沒有「寫死」總樓面面積，發展商投地後往往可透過改動圖則增加總樓面面積，令樓宇體積較預期龐大。因此計畫在明年新加入勾地表的地皮，可列明總樓面面積上限（詳見另文）。至於目前同樣未必有提及的地積比率及樓宇高度上限，預計亦將在賣地章程內一併列出。
針對備受爭議的平台式樓宇設計，被指影響地面通風效果，當局考慮可能在個別重要的地盤內，加入「禁止興建地帶」（No Building Area），「我們只會揀選那些較大的地盤加入這些限制，令部分地方不能建樓，目的是希望平台不會『一塊過』建成。」
消息人士坦言，社會普遍希望收緊用地參數，限制發展密度。對於會否影響賣地收益，他認為，釋除土地的不明朗因素後，有助鼓勵發展商勾地和發展，庫房收益未必會相差很遠。
有助發展商勾地
不過，當局考慮到現已納入勾地表的土地或會被隨時勾出，個別發展商亦已可能作出賣地前的研究，因此無意為目前勾地表內的土地注入相同發展參數限制。
據了解，剛被政府收回的前北角用地，可能是新措施的「試金石」，其總樓面面積、地積比率和高度等均會受到限制，但由於售地前的準備工夫仍需時進行，暫時未能預計能否趕及放進來年勾地表。
商會：出價會變審慎
地產建設商會秘書長龍漢標回應表示，作為市場的參與者，地產商會尊重政府定出的市場原則運作，但地產商事前亦定必作出估算，因此當賣地章程每多添加一項條件時，在出價時也會較為審慎，「若社會可以接受庫房收入減少，這便是需要準備付出的代價。」
他又關注部分建議引入的參數，如發展高度或「禁止興建地帶」，會對土地的規劃帶來太大局限，令本港社會出現太多「倒模」設計，城市面貌缺乏創意。
Oil exploration to begin as fuel price debate rages on
Published on September 28, 2006, 12:00 am
By Noel Wandera and Kimathi Njoka
Kenya is pushing to reduce dependence on fuel imports as industry players meet with government officials over high retail prices.
President Kibaki on Wednesday said oil exploration off the coast of Lamu begins in November or December.
In a speech read by Vice-President Mr Moody Awori at the opening of Kenya Pipeline Company new headquarters, the President said the plan had elicited interest from industry players.
Kibaki also expressed concern at high retail prices for petroleum products. Over the last four years the price of crude oil has risen almost threefold.
But in the last two months the price of a barrel (159 litres) on the world market has fallen from an all-time high of about Sh5,720 in July to below Sh4,380 on Wednesday, a 23 per cent drop.
Local petroleum product dealers have, however, stuck with the same average retail price of Sh85.69, arguing that they were still distributing products sourced at the old prices.
"I hope that oil marketing companies will pass the benefits (of lower international prices) to local consumers," Kibaki said.
Meanwhile, the Ministry of Energy has on Friday summoned oil firms to a meeting on retail prices. The firms will be expected to "empirically defend their continued failure to lower retail prices, despite sustained drop in international crude costs".
Mr Patrick Wanyoike, Energy permanent secretary, said he reads pure greed on the part of the oil industry in the high prices.
Consumers may enjoy lower fuel pump prices from next month, though. Kenya Oil Company (Kenol) on Wednesday announced it had sealed a deal at a discounted price to supply 1.2 million barrels of crude oil in November.
Kenol Head of Group Corporate Affairs Mr Edwin M Kinyua says the cargo was traded at a small premium over the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company prices ?currently $61.40.
Earlier Mr George Wachira, general manager of the Petroleum Institute of East Africa, was quoted as saying the next consignment was expected to have been committed at $65 a barrel.
Kinyua said Kenol will import the oil in two consignments of about 95 million litres each in November under the Open Tender System. This is sufficient to meet 70 per cent of local market demand.
In the same speech, President Kibaki also announced nine power projects the Government will undertake to provide an additional 290MW to the national grid. Kenya has an installed capacity of 1,060 megawatts under normal weather conditions, only marginally above the peak demand of 965MW.
"This (55MW) surplus is too small to cope with existing demand in the event of either a major power plant breakdown or severe drought," said Kibaki.
About 260MW of the additional capacity will come from three planned power plants in Mombasa fired by coal, diesel and kerosene.
Cleaner energy from wind and solar power will also contribute to the increase. The president said Sh303 million has been set aside to provide solar electricity generators to schools and health centres in arid and semi arid districts.
Awori was standing in for President Kibaki at the opening of Kenpipe Plaza, KPC new headquarters in Nairobi. The seven-storey Plaza has taken seven years and Sh1.47
billion ?Sh700 million above budget ?to complete. KPC will occupy five floors, lease one and use the last for a gymnasium.
By Noel Wandera and Kimathi Njoka
Kenya is pushing to reduce dependence on fuel imports as industry players meet with government officials over high retail prices.
President Kibaki on Wednesday said oil exploration off the coast of Lamu begins in November or December.
In a speech read by Vice-President Mr Moody Awori at the opening of Kenya Pipeline Company new headquarters, the President said the plan had elicited interest from industry players.
Kibaki also expressed concern at high retail prices for petroleum products. Over the last four years the price of crude oil has risen almost threefold.
But in the last two months the price of a barrel (159 litres) on the world market has fallen from an all-time high of about Sh5,720 in July to below Sh4,380 on Wednesday, a 23 per cent drop.
Local petroleum product dealers have, however, stuck with the same average retail price of Sh85.69, arguing that they were still distributing products sourced at the old prices.
"I hope that oil marketing companies will pass the benefits (of lower international prices) to local consumers," Kibaki said.
Meanwhile, the Ministry of Energy has on Friday summoned oil firms to a meeting on retail prices. The firms will be expected to "empirically defend their continued failure to lower retail prices, despite sustained drop in international crude costs".
Mr Patrick Wanyoike, Energy permanent secretary, said he reads pure greed on the part of the oil industry in the high prices.
Consumers may enjoy lower fuel pump prices from next month, though. Kenya Oil Company (Kenol) on Wednesday announced it had sealed a deal at a discounted price to supply 1.2 million barrels of crude oil in November.
Kenol Head of Group Corporate Affairs Mr Edwin M Kinyua says the cargo was traded at a small premium over the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company prices ?currently $61.40.
Earlier Mr George Wachira, general manager of the Petroleum Institute of East Africa, was quoted as saying the next consignment was expected to have been committed at $65 a barrel.
Kinyua said Kenol will import the oil in two consignments of about 95 million litres each in November under the Open Tender System. This is sufficient to meet 70 per cent of local market demand.
In the same speech, President Kibaki also announced nine power projects the Government will undertake to provide an additional 290MW to the national grid. Kenya has an installed capacity of 1,060 megawatts under normal weather conditions, only marginally above the peak demand of 965MW.
"This (55MW) surplus is too small to cope with existing demand in the event of either a major power plant breakdown or severe drought," said Kibaki.
About 260MW of the additional capacity will come from three planned power plants in Mombasa fired by coal, diesel and kerosene.
Cleaner energy from wind and solar power will also contribute to the increase. The president said Sh303 million has been set aside to provide solar electricity generators to schools and health centres in arid and semi arid districts.
Awori was standing in for President Kibaki at the opening of Kenpipe Plaza, KPC new headquarters in Nairobi. The seven-storey Plaza has taken seven years and Sh1.47
billion ?Sh700 million above budget ?to complete. KPC will occupy five floors, lease one and use the last for a gymnasium.
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