- 1a. Plate A: Eurasian Plate; Plate B: Pacific Plate; Plate C: African Plate; Plate D: Indo-Austrialian Plate; Plate E: South American Plate
- 1b. mid-oceanic ridges, transform faults, submarine volcanoes and volcanic islands.
- 2a.
- 2b. X: destructive; Y: constructive
- 2c. Plates move towards each other due to converging magma currents/ compressional force
- Nazca Plate collides with South American Plate
- Denser Nazca Plate subducts
- Sediments washed down from South American Plate form sedimentary rock
- Sedimentary rock between the two plates are squeezed up
- Rise above sea level to form fold mountain
- 3. X: block mountain; Y: rift valley; compressional
- 4. A: batholith; B: dyke; C: sill; Y: basic lava cone; X: composite cone
- 5. normal; tensional
- 6. reverse; compressional
- 7. tear; lateral
Exercise 8
- 1a. X is rift valley; Y is lave plateau
- 1b. Change the question into: "What is the process leading to the formation of feature X?" Answer: faulting
- 1c. characteristics: wide base, U-shape, stepp slopes on two sides, river running across
- formation: can be formed under both tensional and compressional force
- 2a. 1000m
- 2b. broad base, oval shape, gentle slopes, cultivation at the foot hill (soil is not acidic)
- 3a. A: sill; B: dyke
- 3b. Compare (similarities): intrusive features; formed by cooling of magma
- Contrast (differences): shape (one is tilted/vertical; one is horizontal)
- 3ci. C: composite cone
- 3cii. formed by alternate layers of ash and lava
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